"Class 11 Commerce Syllabus Overview"

Course Description for Class 11th Commerce

Commerce students in this course will be taught the complete syllabus of Commerce for Class 11 as per their respective Boards (CBSE, ICSE, BSEB, and other Boards). The syllabus and subjects covered in Class 11th are as follows:

Class 11 Commerce Subjects

Accountancy Syllabus

Introduction to Accounting (Concept, Objectives, Advantages, and Limitations). Use of Accounting Information and their needs. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. Role of Accounting in Business. Basic Accounting Terms (Entity, Business Transactions, Capital, Drawings, Liabilities (Non-Current and Current), Assets (Non-Current & Current), Expenditure (Capital and Revenue), Expense, Revenue, Income, Profit, Gain, Loss, Purchase, Sales, Goods, Stock, Debtor, Creditor, Voucher, Discount).

Theory-Based Accounting Syllabus

Fundamental Accounting Assumptions: GAAP. Basic Accounting Concepts: Business Entity, Money Measurement, Accounting Period, Cost Concept, Dual Aspect, Revenue Recognition, Matching, Full Disclosure, Consistency, Conservatism. System of Accounting: Cash Basis and Accrual Basis. Accounting Standards (Applicability, Standards). GST (Characteristics and Advantages, Format, Balancing of Accounts).

Accounting Process

Recording of Business Transactions (Voucher and Transaction), Cash Book (Simple, Cash Book with Bank Column, and Petty Cash Book), Purchase Book, Sales Book, Purchase Return Book, Sales Return Book, Journal Proper. Depreciation (Methods of Depreciation, Methods of Recording Depreciation), Provisions and Reserves. SLM, WDV. Types of Reserves (Revenue, Capital, General, Specific, Secret Reserves). Difference between Capital and Revenue Reserve.

Trial Balance and Rectification of Errors

Objective, Meaning, and Preparation. Errors: Classification, Error Omission, Commission, Principles, and Compensating; Their Effect on Trial Balance. Detecting and Rectification of Errors, Preparation of Suspense Account.

Financial Statements of Sole Proprietorship

Meaning, Objectives, and Importance; Revenue and Capital Receipts; Revenue and Capital Expenditure; Deferred Revenue Expenditure. Opening Journal Entry. Trading and Profit and Loss Account: Gross Profit, Operating Profit, and Net Profit. Preparation. Balance Sheet: Need, Grouping, and Marshalling of Assets and Liabilities. Preparation. Adjustments in Preparation of Financial Statements with respect to Closing Stock, Outstanding Expenses, Prepaid Expenses, Accrued Income, Income Received in Advance, Depreciation, Bad Debts, Provision for Doubtful Debts, Provision for Discount on Debtors, Abnormal Loss, Goods Taken for Personal Use/Staff Welfare, Interest on Capital, and Manager’s Commission. Preparation of Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet of a Sole Proprietorship with Adjustments.

Features, Reasons, and Limitations

Ascertainment of Profit/Loss by Statement of Affairs Method.

Business Studies

Part A: Foundation of Business

Unit 1: Evolution and Fundamentals of Business

History of Trade and Commerce in India: Indigenous Banking System, Rise of Intermediaries, Transport, Trading Communities: Merchant Corporations, Major Trade Centres, Major Imports and Exports, Position of Indian Sub-Continent in the World Economy. Business – Meaning and Characteristics, Business, Profession and Employment – Concept, Objectives of Business, Classification of Business Activities - Industry and Commerce, Industry-types: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary meaning and subgroups, Commerce-trade: (types- internal, external, wholesale and retail) and Auxiliaries to trade; (banking, insurance, transportation, warehousing, communication, and advertising) – meaning, Business risk - Concept.

Unit 2: Forms of Business Organizations

Sole Proprietorship - Concept, Merits and Limitations, Partnership -Concept: Types, Merits and Limitations of Partnership, Registration of a Partnership Firm, Partnership Deed, Types of Partners. Hindu Undivided Family Business: Concept, Cooperative Societies: Concept, Merits, and Limitations, Company: Concept, Merits and Limitations; Types: Private, Public and One Person Company – Concept, Formation of Company: Stages, Important Documents to be used in Formation of a Company, Choice of Form of Business Organization.

Unit 3: Public, Private and Global Enterprises

Public sector and private sector enterprises – Concept, Forms of Public Sector Enterprises: Departmental Undertakings, Statutory, Corporations and Government Company, Global Enterprises – Feature Joint Venture, Public Private Partnership – Concept.

Unit 4: Business Services

Meaning and Types, Banking: Types of Bank Accounts - Savings, Current, Recurring, Fixed Deposit and Multiple Option Deposit Account, Banking Services with Particular Reference to Bank Draft, Bank Overdraft, Cash Credit, E-Banking: Meaning, Types of Digital Payments, Insurance: Principles, Types – Life, Health, Fire, and Marine Insurance – Concept, Postal Service - Mail, Registered Post, Parcel, Speed Post, Courier - Meaning.

Unit 5: Emerging Modes of Business

E-business: Concept, Scope, and Benefits.

Unit 6: Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics

Concept of social responsibility, Case of social responsibility, Responsibility towards Owners, Investors, Consumers, Employees, Government and Community, Role of Business in Environment Protection, Business Ethics - Concept and Elements.

Part B: Finance and Trade

Unit 7: Sources of Business Finance

Concept of business finance, Owners’ funds- equity shares, preference shares, retained earnings, Borrowed funds: debentures and bonds, loan from financial institution and commercial banks, public deposits, trade credit, Inter Corporate Deposits (ICD).

Unit 8: Small Business and Enterprises

Entrepreneurship Development (ED): Concept, Characteristics and Need. Process of Entrepreneurship Development, Start-up India Scheme, Ways to Fund, Start-up, Intellectual Property Rights and Entrepreneurship, Small Scale Enterprise as defined by MSMED Act 2006 (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Act), Role of Small Business in India with Special Reference to Rural Areas, Government Schemes and Agencies for Small Scale Industries: National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) and District Industrial Centre (DIC) with Special Reference to Rural, Backward Areas.

Unit 9: Internal Trade

Internal trade - Meaning and Types, Services Rendered by a Wholesaler and a Retailer, Types of Retail-Trade - Itinerant and Small Scale Fixed Shops Retailers, Large Scale Retailers - Departmental Stores, Chain Stores – Concept, GST (Goods and Services Tax): Concept and Key-Features.

Unit 10: International Trade

Concept and Benefits, Export Trade – Meaning and Procedure, Import Trade - Meaning and Procedure, Documents Involved in International Trade: Indent, Letter of Credit, Shipping Order, Shipping Bills, Mate’s Receipt (DA/DP), World Trade Organization (WTO) - Meaning and Objectives.

Economics Syllabus

Economics syllabus is bifurcated into two parts. Part A deals with statistics in economics, and the other part, i.e., Part B deals with Microeconomics. There is another part called Part C, which includes the guidelines and information regarding the projects.

Part A: Statistics for Economics

Expected to acquire skills in collection, organization, and presentation of quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to various simple economic aspects systematically. It also intends to provide some basic statistical tools to analyze and interpret any economic information and draw appropriate inferences. In this process, the learners are also expected to understand the behavior of various economic data.

Unit 1: Introduction to Economics

Unit 2: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of Data

Collection of data - sources of data (primary and secondary); how basic data is collected with concepts of Sampling; methods of collecting data; some important sources of secondary data: Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation.

Organisation of Data: Meaning and types of variables; Frequency Distribution.

Presentation of Data: Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data:

• Geometric forms (bar diagrams and pie diagrams)
• Frequency diagrams (histogram, polygon, and ogive)
• Arithmetic line graphs (time series graph)

Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation

Numerical problems and solutions, the appropriate economic interpretation may be attempted. This means the students need to solve the problems and provide an interpretation for the results derived.

Measures of Central Tendency: Arithmetic mean, Median, and Mode

Correlation: Meaning and properties, scatter diagram; measures of correlation - Karl Pearson's method (two variables ungrouped data), Spearman's rank correlation (Non-Repeated Ranks and Repeated Ranks).

Introduction to Index Numbers: Meaning, types - Wholesale Price Index, Consumer Price Index, and index of industrial production, uses of index numbers; Inflation and Index Numbers, Simple Aggregative Method.

Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 4: Introduction

Unit 5: Consumer’s Equilibrium and Demand

Meaning of Utility, Marginal Utility, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility, Conditions of consumer's equilibrium using marginal utility analysis.

Indifference curve analysis of consumer's equilibrium - the consumer's budget (budget set and budget line), preferences of the consumer (indifference curve, indifference map) and conditions of consumer's equilibrium.

Demand: Market demand, Determinants of demand, Demand schedule, Demand curve and its slope, Movement along and shifts in the demand curve.

Price elasticity of demand: Factors affecting price elasticity of demand; Measurement of price elasticity of demand – percentage-change method and total expenditure method.

Unit 6: Producer Behaviour and Supply

Meaning of Production Function – Short-Run and Long-Run Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product.

Returns to a Factor Cost – Short run costs - Total Cost, Total Fixed Cost, Total Variable Cost, Average Cost, Average Fixed Cost, Average Variable Cost and Marginal Cost - meaning and their relationships.

Revenue: Total Revenue, Average Revenue and Marginal Revenue - meaning and their relationship.

Producer's Equilibrium: Meaning and its conditions in terms of Marginal Revenue - Marginal Cost.

Supply: Market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve and its slope, movements along and shifts in supply curve.

Price elasticity of supply: Measurement of price elasticity of supply - percentage-change method.

Unit 7: Perfect Competition - Price Determination and Simple Applications

Features; Determination of market equilibrium and effects of shifts in demand and supply (Short Run Only).

Simple Applications of Demand and Supply: Price ceiling, Price floor.

English Syllabus

Section A: (26 Marks) Reading Comprehension through Unseen Passages

One unseen passage to assess comprehension, Interpretation, Analysis, Inference and Vocabulary. The passage may be factual, descriptive or literary.

One unseen case-based factual passage with verbal / visual inputs like statistical data, charts etc., to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, inference and evaluation.

Note: The combined word limit for both the passages will be 600-750.

Multiple Choice Questions / Objective Type Questions will be asked.

Note Making and Summarization based on a passage of approximately 200-250 words.

• NOTES MAKING: Title, Numbering and Indenting, Key/Glossary, Notes
• SUMMARY: Content, Expression

Section B: (23 Marks) Grammar and Creative Writing Skills

Grammar Questions on Gap filling (Tenses, Clauses)

Questions on re-ordering / transformation of sentences

Creative Writing Skills:

• Short writing task – Classified Advertisements, up to 50 words. (Format:1/ Content:1/ Expression:1).
• Short writing task – Poster up to 50 words (Format:1/ Content:1/ Expression:1).
• Long Writing Task: Speech in 120-150 words based on verbal / visual cues related to contemporary / age-appropriate topic.
• Long Writing Task: Debate based on visual/verbal inputs in 120-150 words, thematically related to contemporary, topical issues.

Section C: (31 Marks) Literature Text Book and Supplementary Reading Text

This section will have a variety of assessment items including Multiple Choice Questions, Objective Type Questions, Short Answer Type Questions, and Long Answer Type Questions to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and extrapolation beyond the text.

• One Poetry extract out of two, from the book Hornbill, to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, inference, and appreciation. (3×1=3 Marks)
• One Prose extract out of two, from the book Hornbill, to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and appreciation. (3×1=3 Marks)
• One Prose extract out of two, from the book Snapshots, to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, inference, and appreciation. (4×1=4 Marks)
• Two Short answer type questions (one from Prose and one from Poetry, from the book Hornbill), out of four, to be answered in 40-50 words. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. (3×2=6 Marks)
• One Short answer type question, from the book Snapshots, to be answered in 40-50 words. Questions should elicit inferential responses through critical thinking. One out of two questions to be done. (3×1=3 Marks)
• One Long answer type question, from Prose/Poetry of Hornbill, to be answered in 120-150 words. Questions can be based on incident, theme, passage, extract, or event, as reference points to assess extrapolation beyond and across the text. The question will elicit analytical and evaluative responses from the student. Any one out of two questions to be done. (1×6=6 Marks)
• One Long answer type question, based on the chapters from the book Snapshots, to be answered in 120-150 words, to assess global comprehension and extrapolation beyond the text. Questions to provide analytical and evaluative responses, using incidents, events, themes, as reference points. Any one out of two questions to be done. (1×6=6 Marks)

Download Detailed Syllabus

Course Highlights

• ✔ Regular unit tests after each chapter
• ✔ Test results shared with parents via SMS
• ✔ Exclusive study material provided

Additional Advantage

• ✔ Special classes & test series for board exams
• ✔ Solving previous years’ Class 11th exam questions
• ✔ Home assignments for better practice
• ✔ Motivational classes & extracurricular activities
• ✔ One-to-one doubt clearance